Publicaties Onderzoek & Productontwikkeling
Hieronder vindt u een overzicht van de publicatiies van de afdeling Onderzoek & Productontwikkeling van de voorbije jaren. Voor meer informatie kan u contact opnemen met Greet De Gueldre, afdelingshoofd Onderzoek en Productontwikkeling
2011
Modelling soluble microbial products (SMPs) in a dynamic environment
Desalination and water treatment, vol. 29
A. Fenu, T. Wambecq, Ch. Thoeye, G. De Gueldre, B. Van De SteeneCSO management from an operator's perspective: a step-wise action plan
Water Science & Technology - vol. 63 iss.5 - 2011
G. Dirckx, Ch. Thoeye, G. De Gueldre, B. Van De SteeneActivated sludge model (ASM) based modelling of membrane bioreactor (MBR) processes: A critical review with special regard to MBR specifications
Water Research, vol. 44, Comprehensive Biotechnology, 2nd edition, Vol. 6
A. Fenu, G. Guglielmi, J. Jimenez, M. Spèrandio, D. Saroj, B. Lesjean, C. Brepols, C. Thoeye, I. NopensExperiences with iron chloride dosing to control sulfide-induced corrosion problems in sewers
Ceocor 2011, Annecy Frankrijk
Brecht DonckelsAquaplus NV introduceert energiebesparingen bij afvalwaterzuivering
Aquarama, jrg.14 maart 2011/51
Gunther Parmentier, Wouter De WildeCost optimisation and minimisation of the environmental impact through life cycle analysis of the waste water treatment plant of Bree (Belgium)
Water Science & Technology - vol. 63 iss.1 - 2011
K. De Gussem, T. Wambecq, J. Roels, A. Fenu, G. De Gueldre, B. Van De SteeneRemoval of micropollutants in WWTP effluent by biological assisted membrane carbon filtration (Biomac)
Water Science & Technology - vol. 63 iss.1 - 2011
Marjoleine Weemaes, F. Fink, C. Lachmund, A. Magdeburg, D. Statler, C. Thoeye, G. De Gueldre, Boudewijn Van De Steene
2010¨
Activated sludge model (ASM) based modelling of membrane bioreactor (MBR) processes: A critical review with special regard to MBR specificities
Water Research, vol. 44 iss. 15 - aug. 2010
A. Fenu, G. Guglielmi, J. Jimenez, M. Spèrandio, D. Saroj, B. Lesjean, C. Brepols, C. Thoeye, I. NopensA semi autometed simplication method for hydrodynamic sewer models
Novatech2010
S. Kroll, C. Thoeye, G. De Gueldre, B. Van De Steene, P. WillemsEnergy audit of a full scale membrane bioreactor system
Desalination, 262
A. Fenu, T. Wambecq, K. De Gussem, J. Roels, C. Thoeye, G. De Gueldre, B. Van De SteeneBacterial community structure corresponds to performance during cathodic nitrate reduction
The ISME Journal (Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology)
Kelly Wrighton, Bernardino Virdis, Peter Clauwaert,….Bioelectrochemical perchlorate reduction in a microbial fuel cell
Environmental Science & Technology- vol. 44 iss.12
Caitlyn Butler, Peter Clauwaert, Stefan Green, Willy Verstraete, Robert NerenbergAquafin verfijnt afvalwaterzuivering - Extra aandacht voor hormonen en medicijnrestanten
Milieu Direct - mei 2010 / 4
M. Weemaes, B. Van De SteeneAquafin start twee nieuwe membraanbioreactoren op
Aquarama, jaargang 13, maart 2010
Kathleen MoonsModelleringsstudie van een full scale hybride MBR-systeem
WT-afvalwater jrg. 1 nr. 10, februari 2010
A. Fenu, T. Wambecq, J. Roels, C. Thoeye, G. De Gueldre, B. Van De SteeneImplications and remediations of DMAEA-Q type polymer hydrolysis in wastewater treatment plants
Water science & technology, vol. 61 issue 5 - 2010, april 2010
H. Saveyn, D. Curvers, J. Pelicaen, J. Cauwenberghs, C. Thoeye, P. Van der MeerenAquafin verfijnt afvalwaterzuivering - Extra aandacht voor hormonen en medicijnrestanten
MilieuDirect - mei 2010 / 4
M. Weemaes, B. Van De Steene
2009
- Possibilities of sewer model simplifications
Urban Water Journal, Vol. 6 no. 6, December 2009
Annita Fischer, Pascale Rouault, Stefan Kroll, Johan Van Assel, Erika Pawlowsky-Reusing
- Grondwaterinfiltratiepotentieel als hulpmiddel bij het bepalen van de oorzaak van verdunning van het afvalwater
Rioleringswetenschap, Jrg. 9, nr 34, juni 2009
Geert Dirckx, Chris Thoeye, Greet De Gueldre, Boudewijn Van De Steene
- Dilution of sewage in Flanders mapped with mathematical and tracer methods
Urban Water Journal, Vol. 6 no. 2, June 2009
Geert Dirckx, Davide Bixio, Chris Thoeye, Greet De Gueldre, Boudewijn Van De Steene
- Evaluatie en toepassingsmogelijkheden van discfilters voor verdergaande zuivering van RWZI-effluent
Afvalwaterwetenschap vol. 8 iss. 2, mei 2009
Gunther Parmentier, Chris Thoeye, Greet De Gueldre
- Hergebruik prioritair voor Millennium doelstellingen
Aquarama; vol. 39, pp 56-57, 1/03/2008
Davide Bixio, Greet De Gueldre, Chris Thoeye
Abstract
- Tools to support a model-based methodology for emission/immission and benefit/cost/risk analysis of wastewater systems that consider uncertainty
Environmental Modelling & software vol. 23 iss. 8 (2008) pp 1082-1091, 1/04/2008
Davide Bixio, L. Benedetti, L. Claeys, PA Vanrolleghem
Abstract
- Tweezijdige modelkoppeling met OpenMI
Rioleringswetenschap jrg. 8 - nr. 30, 30/06/2008
Sven Smolders, Johan Van Assel, I. Neyskens, P. Willems, G. Vaes, H. Vereecken, K. Holvoet
Abstract
- Modelling Real-Time controle options on virtual sewer systems
Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science, vol. 7 iss. 4, 4/07/2008
Péter Borsányi, Lorenzo Benedetti, Geert Dirckx, Webbey De Keyser, Dirk Muschalla, Anne-Marie Solvi; V. Vandenberghe; M. Weyand; P.A. Vanrolleghem
Abstract
2007
- Risk assessment framework for managed groundwater recharge at Wulpen (Belgium)
1st Joint workshop Reclaim Water - Gabardine, 22 March, 2007, Sabadell, Spain
Davide Bixio, Emmanuel Vanhoutte, Bart De heyder, Chris Thoeye
- PASST, een RTC strategie in Vlaanderen?
Rioleringswetenschap, jg 7, nr. 25 april 2007
Geert Dirckx, Chris Thoeye, Greet De Gueldre, Boudewijn Van De Steene
Abstract
- Choose (recycled) Water
Boudewijn Van De Steene
- Huidig en toekomstig gebruik van rioolmodellen in Vlaanderen
Congres Watersysteemkennis: Modellen voor integraal waterbeheer in Vlaanderen, 3 mei 2007, Brussel
Geert Dirckx, Johan Van Assel
Abstract
- Membrane life expectancy assessment after 3 years of MBR
4th IWA International Membranes Conference: Membranes for water and wastewater treatment, 15-17 May, 2007, Harrogate, UK
Wouter De Wilde, Chris Thoeye, Greet De Gueldre
Abstract
- Operational cost optimisation of MBR Schilde
4th IWA International Membranes Conference: Membranes for water and wastewater treatment, 15-17 May, 2007, Harrogate, UK
Antinéa Garcès, Wouter De Wilde, Chris Thoeye, Greet De Gueldre
Abstract
- Towards standardisation of MBR technology ?
4th IWA International Membranes Conference: Membranes for water and wastewater treatment, 15-17 May,2007, Harrogate, UK
White paper analysing market expectations and technical potential for membrane bioreactor standardisation in Europe - Amedeus
Wouter De Wilde, M. Richard, B. Lesjean , A. Tazi-Pain
Abstract
- OpenMI-Life: Koppeling van InfoWorks CS en RS, toegepast in het Scheldebekken
6de InfoWorks CS User Meeting,22 mei,2007, Hoeven, Nederland
Johan Van Assel
- Ozonation of RO concentrate: Kinetic studies of beta blocker oxidation
5th IWA Specialised Conference on Assessment and Control of Micropollutants / Hazardous Substances in Water
Micropol and Ecohazard 2007, 17-20 juni, 2007, Frankfurt am Main, Duitsland
J. Benner, G. Fink, U. von Gunten, B. De heyder, T. Ternes, M. Weemaes
Abstract
- Assessment of CSO activity using simple volume balancing
Presented at Novatech 2007, 24-28 juni, 2007, Lyon, Frankrijk
Stefan Kroll, Frank Blumensaat, Chris Thoeye, Geert Dirckx
- Hydroplan EU: an integrated approach for sewer asset management
Proceedings, 7th international Conference on HydroInformatics (HIC2006),4-8/09/06, Nice, Frankrijk
Greet De Gueldre, Frederik Van Herzeele, Ivo Boonen, Chris Thoeye, Boudewijn Van De Steene
- Waterhergebruik: goede praktijk en hindernissen
Afvalwaterwetenscha
Davide Bixio, Bart de Heyder, Chris Thoeye, Greet De Gueldre, Thomas Wintgens, Boudewijn Van De Steene
Abstract
- Constructed wetlands: the ugly duckling of water recycling?
Water 21, August 2007, pp. 49-51
Andrea Ghermandi, Davide Bixio, Pietro Traverso
Abstract
- Hydroplan-EU knowledge management framework for urban water asset management
Proceedings, 7th international Conference on HydroInformatics (HIC2006),4-8/09/06, Nice, Frankrijk
Frederik Van Herzeele, Ivo Boonen, Johan Van Assel, Greet De Gueldre, Chris Thoeye
Abstract
- Verdergaande emissiereductie van stedelijk afvalwater in Vlaanderen
Congres Watersysteemkennis: 2006-2007 - Een goede waterkwaliteit voor onze oppervlaktewaters: zorgen voor morgen!?
G. De Gueldre, C. Thoeye B. Van De Steene
Abstract
- Aquarhone
Kim Kluft
- Membrane bioreactor technology for wastewater treatment and reuse
Intl. Conf. Integrated Concepts in water Recycling, 14-17 February 2005, Wollongong, NSW Australia Desalination, vol. 187, nr. 1-3 feb 06
T. Melin, B. Jefferson, D. Bixio, C. Thoeye, W. De Wilde, J. De Koning, J. Van der Graaf, T. Wintgens
Abstract
- Overview of ongoing modelling developments for the Water Framework Directive
Workshop EUREAU
Geert Dirckx, Johan Van Assel
- Hydroplan
'Seminarie "Waterkwaliteit en toegevoegde waarde"
Greet De Gueldre
- Handbook on feasibility studies for water reuse systems
Davide Bixio
- Technical-economical evaluation of the operation of oxidation ditches
A. Ghermandi, D. Bixio, C. Thoeye, G. De Gueldre
Abstract
- Systems analysis of urban wastewater systems -two systematic approaches to analyse a complex system
L. Benedetti, F. Blumensaat, G. Bönisch, G. Dirckx, N. Jarin, P. Krebs, P. Vanrolleghem
Abstract
- Substance flow analysis of the wastewater collection and treatment system
Urban Water Journal, vol. 3, n°1, March 2006, pp 33-42
Lorenzo Benedetti, Geert Dirckx, Davide Bixio, Chris Thoeye, Peter Vanrolleghem
Abstract
- Verdunning van het afvalwater opgespoord met zuurstofisotopen
Geert Dirckx, Pieter Muyldermans, Chris Thoeye, Greet De Gueldre
Abstract
- Hergebruik van RWZI effluent in Vlaanderen
B-IWA Happy Hour 2006/1
Chris Thoeye, Greet De Gueldre
- The removal of pahtogens in constructed wetlands and its implications for water reuse
Water Science & Technology: Wetland systems for water pollution control X - Vol 56 No 3 pp 207-216
A. Ghermandi, D. Bixio, P. Traverso, I. Cersosimo, C. Thoeye
Abstract
- Assessment of WWTP design and upgrade options: balancing costs and risks of standard's exceedance
Lorenzo Benedetti, Davide Bixio, Chris Thoeye
Abstract
- Overzicht en visie op de MBR toepassing voor stedelijk afvalwater in Vlaanderen
KVIV studiedag Membraantechnologie voor afvalwaterzuivering en hergebruik: getuigenissen uit Vlaanderen, Antwerpen, 11 oktober 2006
Greet De Gueldre, Wouter De Wilde, Chris Thoeye
- Effluent van stedelijke afvalwaterzuiveringsinstallaties bron van alternatief water?
Greet De Gueldre, Chris Thoeye, Davide Bixio
- Water quality monitoring and Treatment. Chapter 3.3 Toxicity Evaluation
Wiley Book
Martijn Devissher, Chris Thoeye, Greet De Gueldre, Boudewijn Van De Steene
- Project Report: Water Reuse system management manual Aquarec
Book European Commission, Community research, DG Research, Global Change and Ecosystems
Davide Bixio, Thomas Wintgens
- Water quality monitoring and Treatment. Chapter 5.4 Water Reuse
Wiley Book
Davide Bixio, Thomas Wintgens, Aldo Ravazzini, Chris Thoeye, Haim Cikurel, Avi Aharoni, Jaap De Koning, Thomas Melin
- Benchmarking of WWTP design by assessing costs, effluent quality and process variability
5th world Water congress: wastewater treatment plant and industrial wastewater treatment
Water Science en Technology, vol. 54 n°10, pp 95-102
Lorenzo Benedetti, Davide Bixio, Peter Vanrolleghem
Abstract
- MBR-network: a coalition to foster European industry of membrane bioreactor technology
Environmental Research for SMEs Technology challenges and market opportunities in waste water treatment, workshop 28 november 2006, Brussel
Chris Thoeye
- MBR-TRAIN project #4: Operational cost optimisation at MBR Schilde
Proceedings, MBR Train Project Meeting
Antinéa Garcès
- Development and validation of system design principles for water reuse systems
Presented at AQUAREC 2006 - Integrated Concepts for Reuse of upgrated wastewater, Barcelona, 1-3 February 2006
D. Joksimovic, D.A. Savic, D. Bixio, G.A. Walters, K. Katsoufidou, S.G. Yiantsios
Abstract
- Water reclamation and reuse: implementation and management issues
International conference on Integrated concepts for reuse of upgraded wastewater
Aquarec workshop in water reuse, 1-3 February 2006, Barcelona, Spain
D.Bixio, C. Thoeye, Cikurel, A. Ravazzini, V. Miska, M. Muston, D. Joksimovic, A. Tings, T. Wintgens
Abstract
- Removal of pathogens in constructed wetlands and its implications for water reuse
Proceedings 10th International conference on wetland systems for water pollution control, 23-29/09/06, Lissabon, Portugal
Andrea Ghermandi, Chris Thoeye, Davide Bixio
Abstract
- Strategic management of sewerage systems in Flanders
IWA World Water Congress 2006, 10-14 September 2006, Beijing
Greet De Gueldre, Chris Thoeye, Ivo Boonen, Frederik Van Herzeele, Boudewijn Van De Steene
Abstract
- Technical-economical evaluation of the operation of oxidation ditches
Water Science & technology vol. 52 - nr. 12, pp. 133-139
A. Ghermandi, D. Bixio, C. Thoeye, G. De Gueldre
Abstract
- The role of free water surface constructed wetlands as polishing step in municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse
Special Issue The Science of the Total Environment - July 2007, 380 (1-3) pp 247-258
Andrea Ghermandi, Davide Bixio, Chris Thoeye
Abstract
- Verdunning in kaart gebracht; Fleatrap van Aquafin
BIG Leidingen (Buisleiding Industrie Gilde)
Geert Dirckx
- Water op maat gesneden
Aqua 2006/2
Chris Thoeye
- Water reclamation and reuse : implementation and management issues
International conference on Integrated concepts for Reuse of Upgraded Wastewater Desalination 218 (2007) pp.13-23
D. Bixio, C. Thoeye, T. Wintgens, T. Melin, M. Muston, G. De Gueldre, B. Van De Steene
Abstract
- Assessment of WWTP design and upgrade options: balancing costs and risks of standards' exceedance
10th International Conference on Urban Drainage, Copenhagen Denmark, 21-26 August, 2005 - Water Science & Technology, vol. 54. n°6-7, pp 371-378
L. Benedetti, D. Bixio, P.A. Vanrolleghem
Abstract
- Membrane bioreactor technology for wastewater treatment and reuse
Integrated concepts in water recycling (AQUAREC), 14-17 februari 2005, Wollongong Australië
Desalination, vol. 187, nr. 1-3 feb 06 (01/02/2006)
T. Melin, B. Jefferson, D. Bixio, C. Thoeye, W. De Wilde, J. De Koning, J. van der Graaf, T. Wintgens
Abstract
- Membraan bioreactor in Schilde uit de startblokken. Evaluatie na 1,5 jaar onderzoek en operationele ervaring
Aqua, 2005/1, Lente, pp 6-7
Riolering, jg. 8, maart/april 2005, pp 20-22
Wouter De Wilde
Abstract
- Verdergaande zuivering van huishoudelijk afvalwater
Aquarama, maart 2005, nr. 27 jg. 8, p 17
Marjoleine Weemaes, Davide Bixio, Chris Thoeye
Abstract
- Operationele ervaringen en onderzoek op de eerste full scale MBR voor huishoudelijke afvalwaterzuivering in de Benelux
Industriedag membraantechnologie, 24 maart 2005, Mol
Wouter De Wilde
- MBR Schilde: anderhalf jaar onderzoek en operationele ervaring
H2O, nr. 8, 2005,pp 29-32
Wouter De Wilde, Chris Thoeye, Greet De Gueldre
Abstract
- MBR Schilde up and running: 1,5 years of research and operational experience
MBR Symposium, 25 april 2005, Varsseveld, Nederland
Wouter De Wilde
- Vlaamse zuiveraar: kinderziektes MBR op RWZI Schilde voorbij
Waterforum, april 2005
Wouter De Wilde
Abstract
- CityNet End User Seminar in Ghent. Summary Report
Peter Krebs, Frank Blumensaat, Geert Dirckx
- Water reuse in Europe & description of Aquarec project
Water reuse needs workshop, Global Water Research Coalition (GWRC), 11-13 april 2005, Nieuwegein, Nederland
T. Wintgens, R. Hochstrat, T. Melin, D. Bixio, C. Thoeye
- Hergebruik van stedelijk afvalwater in een Europees perspectief
Workshop en tentoonstelling: Trends in verdergaande zuivering en hergebruik van water, 21 april 2005, Edegem
Davide Bixio, Chris Thoeye, Greet De Gueldre
- Municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse: Where do we stand? An overview of treatment technology & management practice
Water Science & Technology: Water Supply, vol. 5 no. 1, pp 77-85
D. Bixio, B. De heyder, H. Cikurel, M. Muston, V. Miska, D. Joksimovic, A.I. Schäfer, A. Ravazzini, A. Aharoni, D. Savic, C. Thoeye
Abstract
- Floating plant beds: BAT for CSO treatment
Cutting edge wetland seminar, 11/05/05, Derby, VK
Johny Van Acker
Abstract
- Aquarec seeks for Best Management Practices in water recycling and reuse
Chris Thoeye, Davide Bixio, H. Cikurel, M. Muston, J. De Koning, D. Savic, P. Jeffrey, T. Wintgens
- Aquarec project seeks best wastewater reuse practice
Presented at AQUAREC 2006 - Integrated Concepts for Reuse of upgrated wastewater, Barcelona, 1-3 February 2006 - Desalination and Water Reuse, vol. 14/4, 2005
M. Muston, D. Bixio, B. De heyder, A.J. Karabelas, H. Cikurel, A. Aharoni, T. Wintgens
- Introducing EU Hydroplan
Information Day on Water Technologies, 11 May 05, Brussel
Wim Van Den Broeck, Chris Thoeye
- Treatment of CSO water using floating plant beds
10th International Conference on Urban Drainage, Copenhagen Denmark, 21-26 August, 2005
Ludwig Buts, Greet De Gueldre, Chris Thoeye
Abstract
- Experience with phosphorus removal and sludge handling and disposal in Flanders
Upgrading wastewater treatment plants - Water Science & Technology, vol. 52, nr. 4, sept. 2005 - pp. 19-25
Davide Bixio, Ivo Boonen, Chris Thoeye, Greet De Gueldre
Abstract
- Estimating costs and benefits of advanced control for wastewater treatment plants - the Magic methodology
2nd Conference on Instrumentation, Control and Automation in Water and Wastewater Treatment, 29 mei-2 juni 2005, Busan, Korea
Water Science & Technology vol. 53 n° 4/5 pp. 215-223
Martijn Devisscher, G. Ciacci, L. Fe, L. Benedetti, D. Bixio, C. Thoeye, G. De Gueldre, S. Marsili-Libelli, P. A. Vanrolleghem
Abstract
- New Measurement Techniques for Secondary Settlers: A Review
Water Science & Technology - Instrumentation, Control and automation for water and wastewater treatment and Transport Systems IX, vol. 53 n°4/5 pp. 419-429
Peter A. Vanrolleghem, Bob De Clercq, Jeriffa De Clercq, Martijn Devisscher, David J. Kinnear, Ingmar Nopens
Abstract
- The role of constructed wetlands in municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse
WETPOL: Wetland pollutant dynamics and control, 4-8 sept 2005, Gent
Andrea Ghermandi, Davide Bixio, Chris Thoeye, Johny Van Acker
Abstract
- Floating plant beds: BAT for CSO treatment
Cutting edge wetland seminar, 11/05/05, Derby, VK
WETPOL: Wetland pollutant dynamics and control, 4-8 sept 2005, Gent
Johny Van Acker, Chris Thoeye, Greet De Gueldre
Abstract
- Policy in Flanders with regards to constructed wetlands
WETPOL: Wetland pollutant dynamics and control, 4-8/09/05, Gent
Greet De Gueldre, Chris Thoeye
- Integrating Infoworks CS & RS using OpenMI
InfoWorks user conference, 14-15 September, 2005, Wallingford, UK
Johan Van Assel, Wiktoria Daniels
- Management guidelines for the implementaion and operation of water reuse cycles
Davide Bixio
- Fleatrap models parasitic sewer system flows
Water 21, October 2005, pp. 39-40
Geert Dirkcx, Davide Bixio, Chris Thoeye, Greet De Gueldre
Abstract
- Belgian breakthroughs, Box 4: BioMAC system for recalcitrant wastewater treatment
Water 21, October 2005, pp 56
Greet De Gueldre
Abstract
- Moderne ontwikkelingen ivm waterhergebruik. Deel I
Bijscholing Milieucoördinator, KULeuven
Greet De Gueldre
- Overview & background of water reuse in Flanders, Belgium
The integration of reclaimed water in water resource management, Lloret de Mar, Spanje, 19-20 Oktober 2005
Chris Thoeye, Johan Cauwenberghs, Davide Bixio, Greet De Gueldre, Thomas Wintgens, Emmanuel Vanhoutte
Abstract
- Fleatrap: een module ter voorspelling van parasitair water
Rioleringswetenschap, jg. 5, nr. 19, oktober 2005, pp 43-53
Geert Dirckx, Davide Bixio, Chris Thoeye, Greet De Gueldre
Abstract
- Integrated concepts for reuse of upgraded wastewater - role of membranes in water recycling
Proceedings of NATO Advanced Research Workshop: Integrated Urban Water Resource Management,19-23 October 2005, Senec, Slovakia
Thomas Wintgens, Thomas Melin, Davide Bixio, Chris Thoeye
Abstract
- Chances & Challenges for sewer operation arising from the WFD
International workshop on integrated urban water management, Essen, Duitsland, 9-11-2005
Chris Thoeye
- Systems analysis of urban wastewater systems: two systematic approaches to analyse a complex system
Proceedings of IWA 4th World Water Congress, 19-24 September, 2004, Marrakech
Water Science & Technology vol. 52, no. 12 pp 171-179
Lorenzo Benedetti, Frank Blumensaat, Gerold Bönisch, Geert Dirckx, Norbert Jardin, Peter Krebs, Peter A. Vanrolleghem
Abstract
- Wastewater reuse in Europe
Integrated concepts in water recycling, 14-17 February 2005 Wollongong, NSW Australia (AQUAREC)
D. Bixio, J. De Koning, D. Savic, T. Wintgens, T. Melin, C. Thoeye
Abstract
2004
- Water zonder grenzen: Aquafin, een voorbeeld
Chris Thoeye
- Municipal water reclamation, where do we stand. An overview of treatment technology & management practice
Davide Bixio, Chris Thoeye
- Het netwerk van Europese onderzoeksprojecten over Integraal Waterbeheer-CityNet
Geert Dirckx
- "Heavily modified water bodies"-over het reilen en zeilen van Aquaplus in Tsjechië
Johan Van Assel
- Gebruik van continue simulaties in Infoworks CS voor evaluatie en interpretatie van overstortwerking
Johan Van Assel
- Innovatieve technieken om de hoeveelheid af te zetten slib te beperken
Marjoleine Weemaes, Greet De Gueldre, Geert Menu
- The potential of advanced treatment methods for sewage sludge
Elisabeth Neyens, Jan Baeyens, Bart De heyder
- Stedelijk waterbeleid in Europees verband
Geert Dirckx, Chris Thoeye
- Integraal Stedelijk Afvalwaterbeheer
Geert Dirckx
- Meting en parameterbepaling van droogweerafvoer in rioleringen - meettechnieken en verwerking van meetgegevens
Johan Van Assel
- Innovatieve technologieën voor slibbehandeling
Marjoleine Weemaes
- Fenton peroxidation influences the drying performance of waste activated sludge
Elisabehth Neyens, Jan Baeyens, Raf De Wil, Bart De heyder
- Measurement & Control in Aquafin
Boudewijn Van De Steene, Greet De Gueldre, Davide Bixio, Martijn Devisscher, Gunther Parmentier
- Het Netebekken Europees gemeten
Geert Dirckx
- “NO-MADS” found a home !
Gunther Parmentier
- Municipal Wastewater reclamation: where do we stand? An overview of treatment technology and management practice
D. Bixio, B. De heyder, H. Cikurel, M. Muston, V. Miska, D. Joksimovic, A.I. Schäfer, A. Ravazzini, A. Aharoni, D. Savic, C. Thoeye
- Technical-economical evaluation of the operation of oxidation ditches
Andrea Ghermandi, Davide Bixio, Chris Thoeye, Greet De Gueldre
- Experience with phosphorus removal and sludge handling and disposal: What are the options, issues and costs?
Davide Bixio, Ivo Boonen, Chris Thoeye, Greet De Gueldre
- Biological solution to stormwater
Davide Bixio, Chris Thoeye, Greet De Gueldre
- Operationele optimalisaties tijdens 1e jaar na renovatie RWZI Schilde met MBR technologie augustus 2003 – augustus 2004
Wouter De Wilde
- The Water Framework Directive: Lets go for it!
Chris Thoeye, Boudewijn Van De Steene
- Aquafin: een voorbeeld?
Chris Thoeye
- WWTP Schilde: MBR challenging the traditional technologies
Wouter De Wilde
2003
- Aquafin: "Index waterarmoede Wereld-Waterraad gebaseerd op achterhaalde waterkwaliteitsgegevens"
Alain Vandelannoote, Lutgart Dusar
- Hergebruik van afvalwater: "Win-win" voor milieu en bedrijfswereld?
Chris Thoeye, Greet De Gueldre
- Non-contact measurement of wastewater polluting load - the loadmon project
S.L. Russel, D.R. Marshallsay, B. MacCraith, Martijn Devisscher
- Water back to water
Chris Thoeye, Geert Dirckx
- Ongoing and planned water reuse related projects in Flanders
Chris Thoeye, Marjoleine Weemaes, Dieter Geenens, Katelijne Van Eyck, Greet De Gueldre
- Do we really want domestic MBRs
Wouter De Wilde, Dieter Geenens, Chris Thoeye, Greet De Gueldre
- Do constructed wetlands contribute to a better river water quality ?
Diederik Rousseau, Niels De Pauw, Dieter Geenens, Paul Griffin, Peter A. Vanrolleghem
- Zuiveringsresultaten van individuele en kleinschalige zuiveringsinstallaties
Dieter Geenens, Gudrun Broeckaert
- Practical control for wastewater treatment
Martijn Devisscher, Gunther Parmentier, Chris Thoeye
- MBRs for domestic wastewater treatment: the right solution?
Wouter De Wilde, Chris Thoeye
- Kosteneffectieve ontwikkeling van stedelijke afvalwatersystemen in overeenstemming met de Kaderrichtlijn Water
Geert Dirckx
- Hergebruik van huishoudelijk afvalwater: overzicht van de mogelijkheden als proceswater
Davide Bixio, Johan Cauwenberghs
- Meet-en regeltechniek voor de watersector in de praktijk: stand van zaken en perspectieven
Martijn Devisscher
- De ontwikkeling van geavanceerde technieken voor de reductie van de slibhoeveelheden en de verbetering van de ontwaterbaarheid
Elisabeth Neyens, Jan Baeyens, Bart De heyder
- Kosteneffectieve ontwikkeling van stedelijke afvalwatersystemen in overeenstemming met de Europese Kaderrichtlijn Water
Geert Dirckx
- Toepassing van membraantechnologie bij huishoudelijke afvalwaterzuivering in Vlaanderen
Tom Van De Peer, Chris Thoeye
- Mogelijkheden voor hergebruik van effluentwater
Chris Thoeye
- The reuse of municipal WWTP effluent in Belgium
Davide Bixio
- A new one-dimensional clarifier model - verification using full scale experimental data
Jeriffa De Clercq, Martijn Devisscher, Ivo Boonen, Peter Vanrolleghem, Jacques Defrancq
- Biological solution to stormwater
Davide Bixio, Chris Thoeye, Paul Ockier
- Single property package plants
Dieter Geenens, Christophe Van Der Gucht, Greet De Gueldre, Nathan Hellinck, Chris Thoeye
- Practical bottlenecks in membrane bioreactors treating municipal wastewater
Wouter De Wilde
- Short-term behaviour of constructed reed beds: pilot plant experiments under different temperature conditions
Diederik Rousseau, Dieter Geenens, Peter A. Vanrolleghem, Niels De Pauw
- Ongoing and planned water reuse related projects in Flanders
Chris Thoeye, Marjoleine Weemaes, Dieter Geenens, Katelijne Van Eyck, Greet De Gueldre
- Combining technical and natural small-scale treatment systems
Dieter Geenens, Christophe Van Der Gucht, Greet De Gueldre, Nathan Hellinck, Chris Thoeye
2008
Hergebruik prioritair voor Millennium doelstellingen
Aquarama; vol. 39, pp 56-57, 1/03/2008
Davide Bixio, Greet De Gueldre, Chris Thoeye
De algemene vergadering van de Verenigde Naties verklaarde 2008 als het internationale jaar van de sanitatie, waarin (afval)water een centrale plaats inneemt en waarin een aantal van de waergerelateerde Millennium Ontwikkelingsdoelstellingen (MOD's) centraal in de aandacht worden geplaatst.
Tools to support a model-based methodology for emission/immission and benefit/cost/risk analysis of wastewater systems that consider uncertainty
Environmental Modelling & software vol. 23 iss. 8 (2008) pp 1082-1091, 1/04/2008
Davide Bixio, L. Benedetti, L. Claeys, PA Vanrolleghem
This paper presents a set of tools developed to support an innovative methodology to design and upgrade wastewater treatment systems in a probabilistic way. For the first step, data reconstruction, two different tools were developed, one for situations where data are available and another one where no data are available. The second step, modelling and simulation, implied the development of a new simulation platform and of distributed computation software to deal with the simulation load generated by the third step, uncertainty analysis, with Monte Carlo simulations of the system over one year, important dynamics and stiff behaviour. For the fourth step, evaluation of alternatives, the evaluator tool processes the results of the simulations and plots the relevant information regarding the robustness of the process against input and parameters uncertainties, as well as concentration–duration curves for the risk of non-compliance with effluent and receiving water quality limits. This paper illustrates the merits of these tools to make the innovative methodology of practical interest. The design practice should move from conventional procedures suited for the relatively fixed context of emission limits, to more advanced, transparent and cost-effective procedures appropriate to cope with the flexibility and complexity introduced by integrated water management approaches.
Tweezijdige modelkoppeling met OpenMI
Rioleringswetenschap jrg. 8 - nr. 30, 30/06/2008
Sven Smolders, Johan Van Assel, I. Neyskens, P. Willems, G. Vaes, H. Vereecken, K. Holvoet
De Europese kaderrichtlijn water focust op een minimale waterkwantiteit en een goede kwaterkwaliteit per stroomgebied tegen 2015. Daarbij richt ze zich op een integraal waterbeheer op bekkenschaal. Met deze richtlijn in het achterhoofd werd in het kader van het HamonIT 1 project van de Europese Unie de 'Open Modelling Interface' , of kortweg OpenMI ontwikkeld. Dit is een standaard die toelaat om verschillende sofwarepaketten met elkaar te laten communiceren tijdens de simulatie. Een zeer nuttige toepassen van OpenMI is het realiseren van een tweezijdige koppeling van hydraulische modellen die verschillende delen van het watersysteem beschrijven. De evaluatie van het technische aspect van OpenMI gebeurde specifiek voor de software InfoWorks Collection System (InfoWorks CS, rioleringen) en InfoWorks River System. Er werd nagegaan wat het effect is op de resultaten als OpenMI gebruikt wordt voor de koppeling. Uit de reslultaten blijkt dat de keuze van de rekentijdstap een zeer belangrijk effect heeft. Daarnaast blijkt dat de keuze van het model dat een inschatting maakt van een gekozen variabele van cruciaal belang te ziin.
Tevens werd een gevalstudie uitgewerkt, die de koppeling realiseerde tussen het rioolmodel van Erpe-Mere en het riviermodel van de Molenbeek. Ter hoogte van Erpe-Mere is er een sterke interactie tussen beide watersystemen, waardoor een tweezijdige modelkoppeling noodzakeliik is voor een correcte modellering. Gedurende deze studie werden een aantal problemen betreffende de gebruiksvriendelijk¬heid van OpenMI en ziin instrumenten (zoals de OpenMI-editor) ervaren.
Echter, deze studie (Neyskens and Smolders, 2007) werd uitgevoerd in een vroeg stadium van de ontwikkeling en implementatie van OpenMI. Veel van deze problemen zijn ondertussen opgelost in het kader van het OpenMI-Life project 2). Dit project heeft als doel het gebruik van OpenMI in de modellerings¬wereld te demonstreren en te testen aan de hand van toepassingen in twee pilootbekkens. In Vlaanderen worden allerhande koppelingen in het Scheldebekken bestudeerd en een Griekse gevalstudie behandelt de Piniosrivier.
Modelling Real-Time controle options on virtual sewer systems
Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science, vol. 7 iss. 4, 4/07/2008
Péter Borsányi, Lorenzo Benedetti, Geert Dirckx, Webbey De Keyser, Dirk Muschalla, Anne-Marie Solvi; V. Vandenberghe; M. Weyand; P.A. Vanrolleghem
The study presents a benchmarking mathodology to assess the performance of sewer systems and to evaluate the performance of real-time control (RTC) strategies by model simulation. The methodology is presented as a general stepwise approach. Two virtual sewer systems were modelled under four clumate conditions. Catchment a represents a small system with medium RTC potential, while catchments B represents a large system with large potential according to PASST guidelines. The rain data represented Oceanic, Continental, Alpine and Mediterranean situations. Annual precipitation data was used. Tests included operation without RTC, and with upstream of the treatment plant (WWTP load). The results have shown that similar RTC strategies perform differently under various climatic conditions and in sewer systems. The presented benchmarking methodolgy can be used to test the impacts of various climate scenarios on sewer systems that suffer from the limitations of static design.
The study presents a benchmarking mathodology to assess the performance of sewer systems and to evaluate the performance of real-time control (RTC) strategies by model simulation. The methodology is presented as a general stepwise approach. Two virtual sewer systems were modelled under four clumate conditions. Catchment a represents a small system with medium RTC potential, while catchments B represents a large system with large potential according to PASST guidelines. The rain data represented Oceanic, Continental, Alpine and Mediterranean situations. Annual precipitation data was used. Tests included operation without RTC, and with upstream of the treatment plant (WWTP load). The results have shown that similar RTC strategies perform differently under various climatic conditions and in sewer systems. The presented benchmarking methodolgy can be used to test the impacts of various climate scenarios on sewer systems that suffer from the limitations of static design.
2007
PASST, een RTC strategie in Vlaanderen?
Geert Dirckx, Chris Thoeye, Greet De Gueldre, Boudewijn Van De Steene
Rioleringswetenschap, jg 7, nr. 25 april 2007
Real Time gestuurde stelsels laten toe om de werking van de bestaande afvalwaterinfrastruduur te optimaliseren met een minimum aan ingrepen, en dit tegen een beperkte investeringskost, zeker als men dit afweegt tegen dure klassieke oplossingen zoals de bouw van een bergbezinkingsbekken of een vervanging door grotere leidingen. De implementatie van RTC vereist echter een zeker riipingsproces, waarbii het beredeneerd afwegen van de mogeliike voordelen moet worden uitgezet tegen eventuele nadelen of te verwachten moeiliikheden. Een handig hulpmiddel in de eerste stap van het beslissingproces is de 'management tooI' PASST (Planning Aid for Sewer System Real Time Contro/). Dit instrument laat toe om voorafgaandeliik een ruwe inschatting te maken van het potentieel dat een bepaald stelsel bezit om Real Time sturingen toe te passen.
Dit artikel bespreekt de werking van PASST en in het biizonder de parameters die moeten worden bepaald om te komen tot een globaal idee van het RTC potentieel van een stelsel. PASST werd getest op de 31 zuiveringsgebieden van het Netebekken (gelegen in het oosteliik deel van Vlaanderen). Het bliikt dat Vlaanderen, als extrapolatie van het Netebeken, een (zeer) hoog potentieel bezit om RTC toe te passen. Voornaamste reden hiertoe ziin de verspreide bebouwing in combinatie met het vlakke landschap en de daarmee verwante gevolgen zoals de veelheid aan hydraulische struduren en de natuurlijke berging.
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Huidig en toekomstig gebruik van rioolmodellen in Vlaanderen
Geert Dirckx, Johan Van Assel
Congres Watersysteemkennis: Modellen voor integraal waterbeheer in Vlaanderen, 3 mei, 2007, Brussel
Hydrodynamische modellering van rioolstelsels wordt sinds het begin van de jaren '90 op steeds grotere schaal toegepast in Vlaanderen. Gedurende die periode zijn deze modellen sterk geëvolueerd van eenvoudige rekeninstrumenten naar hoogwaardige geografisch gebaseerde beheerssystemen. Dankzij deze ontwikkelingen is het niet alleen mogelijk geworden om de modellen heel wat performanter te maken, maar ook om in te spelen op het steeds complexer wordende regelgevingskader, waarbinnen rioleringssystemen vandaag de dag moeten worden ontworpen en beheerd. In het artikel wordt een overzicht gegeven van de belangrijkste recente en toekomstige evoluties op het vlak van rioolmodellering en wordt aangegeven hoe dit kan worden afgestemd op andere modellen voor integraal waterbeheer in Vlaanderen.
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Membrane life expectancy assessment after 3 years of MBR
Wouter De Wilde, Chris Thoeye, Greet De Gueldre
4th IWA International Membranes Conference: Membranes for water and wastewater treatment, 15-17 May, 2007, Harrogate, UK
This paper presents the results and findings after analysis of membrane permeability evolution and its key influencing factors during the 3-year period after start-up of MER Schilde in August 2003. It was discovered that three key factors are important for correct interpretation of permeability evolutions in an MER. Not only the well known influence of temperature plays a roll, but also MLSS concentration and gross flux are essential to consider and correct for. For each of these factors a separate correction formula was deduced from specific datasets during the first start-up months. These formulas were then applied to normalise a low frequent long-term permeability dataset which was produced by the operators by manual permeability calculation once every two days. This simple dataset still appeared to be accurate enough for correct interpretation of permeability trends and membrane fouling problems. Also permeability decline rate and irreversible fouling could be assessed with this corrected dataset. Based on the results, three different scenarios were evaluated to predict membrane lifetime. It was concluded that membrane life expectancy at MER Schilde will be a minimum of 11 years
and a maximum of 16 years, with an expected value of 13,5 years.
Operational cost optimisation of MBR Schilde
Antinéa Garcès, Wouter De Wilde, Chris Thoeye, Greet De Gueldre
4th IWA International Membranes Conference: Membranes for water and wastewater treatment, 15-17 May, 2007, Harrogate, UK
To optimise the operational costs ofthe 230-355 m3/h MBR of Schilde, the study focused on membrane cross flow aeration requirements and carbon source addition costs. The tests performed with a 1.5 m3/h pilot plant (operated in parallel with MBR Schilde and featuring the same ZeeWeed 500c membranes), indicated that under warm temperature conditions, membrane filtration performance was not affected by either applying a lOs on/30s off intermittent aeration control or by reducing the airflow rate by 50%. Full-scale tests with the 10"/30" aeration regime (net airflow rate: 0.187 m3/m2.h ) indicated that even under conditions oflow temperature and affected sludge quality (foaming), the new aeration control did not have an impact on membrane filtration performance, as long as it was applied for low and medium fluxes. The membrane aeration requirements decreased by 35% which could result in a minimum reduction of 10.2 % ofthe total MBR energy costs. To optimise the carbon source related costs, an online sensor based control for the carbon dosing rate was implemented, and acetic acid was replaced by butyric acid. These implementations lead to a 25% cost reduction on carbon source, with a 4.9 month payback period for the nitrate sensor investment (independent of carbon source type).
Towards standardisation of MBR technology ?
Wouter De Wilde, M. Richard, B. Lesjean , A. Tazi-Pain
4th IWA International Membranes Conference: Membranes for water and wastewater treatment, 15-17 May,2007, Harrogate, UK, White paper analysing market expectations and technical potential for membrane bioreactor standardisation in Europe - Amedeus
Based on an extensive survey ofthe MER industry, this artic1e provides an overview ofthe market interests/expectations and technical potential of going through a standardisation process of submerged membrane bioreactor (MER)technology in Europe. Eighty representative companies and institutions active in all areas of the European MER market were individually contacted with an extensive questionnaire, 45 of these companies actually contributed to this study, which demonstrated the interest of the industry in this initiative. There is a pronounced and specific interest in guidelines/standards on interchangeable filtration systems and membrane characterisation methods in MBRs. Benefits and drawbacks, opportunities and threats of MER standards were defined and mapped. Technical factors in a standardisation process we re identified and quantified. The outcomes and recommendations were discussed in a comprehensive White Paper on MER standardisation. A workshop with 35 participants was organised with the Centre Européen de Normalisation (CEN) to present and discuss the results of this study. All attendants accepted the White Paper as a reference document to start a formal procedure of standardisation. This study is expected to pave the way for an appropriate consensus-based standardisation process of MER technology, which will therefore benefit the entire European MER industry.
Ozonation of RO concentrate : Kinetic studies of beta blocker oxidation
J. Benner, G. Fink, U. von Gunten, B. De heyder, T. Ternes, M. Weemaes
5th IWA Specialised Conference on Assessment and Control of Micropollutants / Hazardous Substances in Water
Micropol and Ecohazard 2007, 17-20 juni, 2007, Frankfurt am Main, Duitsland
Reverse osmosis (RO) is one of the most effective means for removing a wide range of micropollutants (e.g. pharmaceuticals) during water recycling. However, one significant disadvantage is the need to dispose the resultant RO-concentrate (brine). Due to the fact that there are elevated concentrations of micropollutants in the concentrate, a direct disposal to surface water could be a hazard to aquatic organisms. As a consequence, further treatment of the concentrate could be necessary. In this study, ozonation is being investigated as a possible treatment option for RO concentrates.
Waterhergebruik: goede praktijk en hindernissen
Davide Bixio, Bart de Heyder, Chris Thoeye, Greet De Gueldre, Thomas Wintgens, Boudewijn Van De Steene
Afvalwaterwetenschap, augustus 2007
In tegenstelling tot Noord-Amerika, Japan en Australië, wordt waterhergebruik in Europa niet aanvaard als standaard praktijk. Om waterhergebruik te laten gelden als één van de basisinstrumenten voor duurzaam en integraal beheer van de watercyclus, is een verdere rationele promotie noodzakelijk. In dit perspectief werd in het onderzoeksproject Aquarec de goede praktijk van waterhergebruik gedocumenteerd in een handleiding. Dit artikel bespreekt de Aquarec-handleiding en gaat dieper in op de punten die bijzondere aandacht vereisen in de sensibilisering voor waterhergebruik. Eén van deze aandachtspunten is de integratie van een transparante methodiek voor inschatting en beheersing van risico's in de regelgeving en in ontwerp/bedrijfsvoering.
Constructed wetlands: the ugly duckling of water recycling?
Andrea Ghermandi, Davide Bixio, Petro Traverso
Water 21 - Augustus 2007 - pp. 49-51
Constructed wetlands may have limitations in terms of the effluent microbiological quality they can achieve, but they can still make a valuable contribution. With an IWA conference on reuse taking place later this year, Andra Ghermandi, Davide Bixio and Pietro Traverso review the performance of constructed wetlands in light of the revised WHO guidelines for the safe use of wastewater in agriculture.
Guiding the growth of water reuse
IWA Yearbook 2007
Boudewijn Van De Steene
Thousands of water reuse projects are in place around the world, but substantial increases are projected for the coming years. Boudewijn Van De Steene sets out the key issues to ensuring projects are managed well.
Hydroplan-EU knowledge management framework for urban water asset management
Proceedings, 7th international Conference on HydroInformatics (HIC2006),4-8/09/06, Nice, Frankrijk
Frederik Van Herzeele, Ivo Boonen, Johan Van Assel, Greet De Gueldre, Chris Thoeye
Urban water networks for water supply, sanitation and storm drainage provide important services, and their failure can have serious consequences for the environment and the population. The sustainability and reliability of such assets is therefore an important issue for the asset managers. Water and wastewater networks are at risk in three primary respects including structural integrity, hydraulic performance and environmental impact. This indicates the need for a total life cycle approach to manage the network assets, from planning and design, through construction and operation to replacement and disposal. Driven by economic factors, the water companies are changing towards increasing operational efficiencies and cost minimization. Also, driven by the Water Framework Directive, they focus on improving serviceability and minimisation of environmental and receiving water impacts. Finding the balance between these driving factors requires an appropriate practice for managing water related assets. There are more than 20.000 waste- and drinking water distribution networks in the EU that currently demand practical, cost-effective and comprehensive asset management planning. In view of the acknowledged need for hundreds of billions of Euros in terms of capital investments in these networks over the next 10 years, and the need for more than 20 billion Euros on asset management activities annually, an internationally accepted procedure can make significant economic savings, and bring about important improvements in the level of performance of the networks. This paper describes a 5th EU Framework project, Hydroplan-EU, which introduces a such generic asset management procedure for water supply and sewerage networks, and disseminates this procedure through a users platform. The procedure was developed and tested on five networks in Europe.
Verdergaande emissiereductie van stedelijk afvalwater in Vlaanderen
Congres Watersysteemkennis: 2006-2007 - Een goede waterkwaliteit voor onze oppervlaktewaters: zorgen voor morgen!?
G. De Gueldre, C. Thoeye B. Van De Steene
In I 99 I verplichtte de Europese richtlijn Stedelijk afvalwater de lidstaten om tegen eind 2005 alle lozingen van huishoudelijk afvalwater te saneren. Het Vlaamse gewest richtte toen Aquafin NV op om in een versneld tempo het bovengemeentelijke (collectieve) deel uit te voeren. Vandaag is een groot deel van de opdracht gerealiseerd en zijn de positieve effecten op de chemische oppervlaktewaterkwaliteit zichtbaar. De kwaliteitsverbetering is evenwel nog onvoldoende om te voldoen aan de nieuwe eisen van de kaderrichtlijn Water. Dit artikel geeft een overzicht van de belangrijkste knelpunten van de collectieve zuivering met een directe impact op het watersysteem. Het belicht de lopende initiatieven voor de aanpak van deze knelpunten, zoals verdere afwerking van de collectieve zuivering, verdere verbetering van de effluentkwaliteit, aanpak van verdunning en sanering van overstorten. Lopende initiatieven die indirect of op middellange en lange termijn een bijdrage kunnen leveren aan een duurzame verbetering van de oppervlaktewaterkwaliteit worden eveneens kort toegelicht. Deze situeren zich op het vlak van het beheer van het patrimonium, het toepassen van integrale modellering en real time control (R TC), het promoten van hergebruik van effluent, het bestuderen van de rol van planten in de zuivering en het onderzoeken van niet genormeerde micropolluenten in hUishoudelijk afvalwater.
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2006
Membrane bioreactor technology for wastewater treatment and reuse
T. Melin, B. Jefferson, D. Bixio, C. Thoeye, W. De Wilde, J. De Koning, J. Van der Graaf, T. Wintgens
'ntl. Conf. Integrated Concepts in water Recycling, 14-17 February 2005, Wollongong, NSW Australia Desalination, vol. 187, nr. 1-3 feb 06
Treatment technology for water recycling encompasses a vast number of options. Membrane processes are regarded as key elements of advanced wastewater reclamation and reuse schemes and are included in a number of prominent schemes world-wide, e.g. for artificial groundwater recharge, indirect potable reuse as well as for industrial process water production. Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are a promising process combination of activated sludge treatment and membrane filtration for biomass retention. This paper will provide an overview of the status of membrane bioreactor applications in municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse in Europe and will depict their potential role in promoting more sustainable water use patterns.
Particular attention will be paid to the impact of MBR technology on emerging pollutants. A case study will be presented on a full-scale MBR plant for municipal wastewater which is operated by Aquafin in Belgium.
Technical-economical evaluation of the operation of oxidation ditches
A. Ghermandi, D. Bixio, C. Thoeye, G. De Gueldre
Water Science & technology vol. 52 - nr. 12 - pp. 133-139
The optimisation of the economic performance is a central aspect in the management of wastewater treatment plants. A model-based procedure was developed that could provide a clearly enunciated and concise way of reporting to the stakeholders on how well the assets are performing and can perform, separating the firm inefficiency from the effect of the treatment. The applied modelling method is conventional considering current modelling research practice, but very good from practical point of view in that it is applicable utilising existing plant data, i.e. without the use of additional measuring campaigns. This paper illustrates the validity of the developed procedures through the evaluation of the performance of oxidation ditches.
Systems analysis of urban wastewater systems: two systematic approaches to analyse a complex system
Lorenzo Benedetti, Frank Blumensaat, Gerold Bönisch, Geert Dirckx, Norbert Jardin, Peter Krebs, Peter A. Vanrolleghem
Proceedings of IWA 4th World Water Congress, 19-24 September, 2004, Marrakech -
Water Science & Technology vol. 52, no. 12 pp 171-179
This work was aimed at performing an analysis of the integrated urban wastewater system (catchment area, sewer, WWTP, receiving water). It focused on analysing the substance fluxes going through the system to identify critical pathways of pollution, as weil as assessing the effeetiveness of energy consumption and operational/capital costs. Two different approaches were adopted in the study to analyse urban wastewater systems of diverse characteristics. In the first approach a wide ranged analysis of a system at river basin scale is applied. The Nete river basin in Belgium, a tributary of the Schelde, was analysed through the 29 sewer catchments constituting the basin. In the second approach a more detailed methodology was developed to separately analyse two urban wastewater systems situated within the Ruhr basin (Germany) on a river stretch scale. The paper mainly focuses on the description of the method applied. Only the most important results are presented. The main outcomes of these studies are: the identification of stressors on the receiving water bodies, an extensive benchmarking of wastewater systems, and the evidence of the scale dependency of results in such studies.
Substance flow analysis of the wastewater collection and treatment system
Lorenzo Benedetti, Geert Dirckx, Davide Bixio, Chris Thoeye, Peter Vanrolleghem
Urban Water Journal, vol. 3, n°1, March 2006, pp 33-42
The holistic approach to water resources management introduced by the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) implies the adoption of methodologies that are suitable to reveal the major pressures and impacts on the receiving waters at river basin level in an effective and efficient way. This study investigated the general adequacy of substance flow analysis (SF A) for the analysis of urban wastewater systems (urban catchment, sewer, WWTP, receiving water). The paper provides a description of the approach and a useful demonstration of the method through the illustration of a case study. The study considered the fluxes of six substances going to, through and from the wastewater management system. The results suggest that the proposed methodology can be used for the identification of stressors on the receiving water bodies and highlights that the scale dependency of results in such studies is of primary importance.
Modellen worden steeds slimmer
Geert Dirckx, Johan Van Assel
Aqua 2006/1, p. 9-10
Een grootschallige kwaliteitsverbetering van de waterlopen in Europa vraagt niet alleen een grensoverschrijfende aanpak. Er is ook een verhoogde samenwerking tussen verschillende wetenschappelijke disciplines nodig. Daarvoor is het belangrijk dat onderzoekers met de hulp van modellen en softwareprogramma's goed kunnen samenwerken.
Verdunning van het afvalwater opgespoord met zuurstofisotopen
Geert Dirckx, Pieter Muyldermans, Chris Thoeye, Greet De Gueldre
Water, mei/juni 2006
De verdunning van het afvalwater bezorgt afvalwaterzuiveringsbedrijven kopzorgen. Naast de ecologische gevolgen, zoals een verhoogde werking van overstorten en een minder efficiënt zuiveringsproces, is er ook een negatieve economische consequentie. De hogere pompkosten zorgen immers voor een verhoogde elektriciteitsrekening. Om de verdunning van het afvalwater in kaart te brengen, ontwikkelde Aquafin NV de FLEATRAP software die per zuiveringsgebied de verdunningsgraad berekent. Op die manier kan men prioritaire gebieden definiëren. De ingebouwde mathematische methodes laten een snelle bepaling toe, maar geven geen indicatie over de onzekerheid van het resultaat. Bovendien kan men met deze berekeningswijzen de verdunning binnen een zuiveringsgebied niet lokaliseren. Om aan deze minpunten tegemoet te komen, werd het gebruik van een tracermethode op basis van het zuurstof-18 isotoop uitgetest in Vlaanderen.
Benchmarking of WWTP design by assessing costs, effluent quality and process variability
Lorenzo Benedetti, Davide Bixio, Peter A. Vanrolleghem
5th world Water congress: wastewater treatment plant and industrial wastewater treatment
Water Science en Technology, vol. 54 n°10, pp95-102
Process choice and dimensioning of WWTPs is a particularly sensitive step to cost-efficiently comply with regulatory standards. This step accounts only for a small fraction of the upfront costs, but it can lead to substantial savings. This paper illustrates the results of a systematic methodology to evaluate system design/upgrade options. In contrast to conventional practice, this approach allows the choice between the most appropriate trade-off between cost of measures and effluent quality, and to assess the reliability of a process layout. It is therefore a flexible instrument to cope with the flexibility and complexity of integrated water management regulations. Results show good agreement of the simulations with extensive benchmarking studies on actual plants. For that reason, the suggested methodology can provide valuable support also to such practices.
The removal of pahtogens in constructed wetlands and its implications for water reuse
A. Ghermandi, D. Bixio, P. Traverso, I. Cersosimo, C. Thoeye
Water Science & Technology: Wetland systems for water pollution control X - Vol 56 No 3 pp 207-216
Microbiological quality represents the biggest concern to the reuse of treated wastewater. This paper reports and discusses the results of an international survey on the removal of indicators of microbiological contamination in surface-flow constructed wetlands. Constructed wetlands consistently provide a reduction of 90–99% (1–2 log-removal) in the concentration of indicators such as coliform bacteria and faecal streptococci. This removal is found in wetlands treating water from different types of pretreatment (primary sedimentation, activated sludge, trickling filter, maturation ponds). On the other hand, when the influent is of high microbiological quality, wetlands act as sources of pathogenic contamination. The final water quality, however, is still compatible with medium to no-contact recreational activities and other final water uses. High variability in the effluent quality and seasonality might limit the opportunities for reuse. The role of constructed wetlands in different treatment schemes and the remaining open questions concerning removal mechanisms and reference pathogens are discussed.
Droge voeten & gezonde beken sluiten elkaar niet uit
Ludwig Buts
Aqua 2006/4
Als het rioolstelsel te vol geraakt, wordt het teveel aan water als noodoplossing in een waterloop geloosd. Dat mag natuurlijk niet te vaak gebeuren. Onderzoek op gevoelige locaties moet het inzicht in de dynamiek van een rioolstelsel vergroten
Development and validation of system design principles for water reuse systems
Presented at AQUAREC 2006 - Integrated Concepts for Reuse of upgrated wastewater, Barcelona, 1-3 February 2006
Joksimovic, D.A. Savic, D. Bixio, D. G.A. Walters, K. Katsoufidou, S.G. Yiantsios
Decision support software (DSS) for Water Treatment for Reuse with Network Distribution (WTRNet) has been developed within the AQUAREC project on "Integrated Concepts for Reuse ofUpgraded Wastewater", under the Fifth European Community Framework Programme. The overall objective of work conducted as part of the AQUAREC project has been the development and validation of system design principles for water reuse systems. The DSS provides an integrated framework for optimisation of treatment and distribution aspects of water reuse and the selection of end-users, and has been used in the development of the design principles. The principle components ofthe software (simulation and optimisation modeIs) are presented, followed by the discussion on the software validation. A case study is then illustrated, on which WTRNet has been applied to develop least-cost design alternatives. Design principles for water reuse systems that were achieved by applying the WTRNet tooI are presented, in which the importance of utilising formal optimisation in determining the most promising design alternatives is demonstrated.
Water reclamation and reuse: implementation and management issues
International conference on Integrated concepts for reuse of upgraded wastewater
Aquarec workshop in water reuse, 1-3 February 2006, Barcelona, Spain
D.Bixio, C. Thoeye, Cikurel, A. Ravazzini, V. Miska, M. Muston, D. Joksimovic, A. Tings, T. Wintgens
In the framework ofthe international project "Integrated Concepts for Water Reuse" (Aquarec), an independent task-force composed by water and wastewater utilities professionals, consultants and researchers was assigned the task and produced a manual of management practices for water reuse schemes. This paper aims to give an overview of water reuse activities around the world and to outline the specific characteristics of every sectoral use. The paper shows that consolidated experience exists with technology and management practices and that effective and practicable management practices should include a combination of structural, non-structural and managerial techniques. Finally, some critical factors that influence to a large extent the project's potential sustainability are delineated.
Removal of pathogens in constructed wetlands and its implications for water reuse
Proceedings 10th International conference on wetland systems for water pollution control, 23-29/09/06, Lissabon, Portugal
Andrea Ghermandi, Chris Thoeye, Davide Bixio
Microbiological quality represents the biggest concern to the reuse of treated wastewater. This paper reports and discusses the results of an international survey on the removal of indicators of microbiological contamination in surface-flow constructed wetlands. Constructed wetlands consistently provide a reduction of 90-99% (1-2 log-removal) in the concentration of indicators such as coliform bacteria and faecal streptococci. This removal is found in wetlands treating water from different types of pretreatment (primary sedimentation, activated sludge, trickling filter, maturation ponds). On the other hand, when the influent is of high microbiological quality, wetlands act as sources of pathogenic contamination. The final water quality, however, is still compatible with medium to no-contact recreational activities and other final water uses. High variability in the effluent quality and seasonality might limit the opportunities for reuse. The role of constructed wetlands in different treatment schemes and the remaining open questions concerning removal mechanisms and reference pathogens are discussed.
IWA World Water Congress 2006, 10-14 September 2006, Beijing
Greet De Gueldre, Chris Thoeye, Ivo Boonen, Frederik Van Herzeele, Boudewijn Van De Steene
Failure of urban underground networks for water supply, sanitation or storm drainage can severely impact the urban environment and the population. International experience with sewerage system management has shown that 20% of the sewerage assets accounts for 80% of the financial, socio-economic or ecological cost. Also for Aquafin, the company responsible for the supra-municipal sewage treatment infrastructure in Flanders (the northern part of Belgium), the sustainability of its assets in terms of structural integrity, hydraulic performance and environmental impact increasingly becomes an important issue. In view of this, Aquafin developed an engineering methodology, called Hydroplan, for the appropriate management (ie. renovation, monitoring, maintenance, investments) of its underground assets. The major goal of the methodology was to keep the sewerage in the best possible condition and at the same time to economize significantly. This paper reports on its practical implementation and resulting predicted savings of several real life cases in Flanders.
Water Science & technology vol. 52 - nr. 12, pp. 133-139
A. Ghermandi, D. Bixio, C. Thoeye, G. De Gueldre
Special Issue The Science of the Total Environment - July 2007, 380 (1-3) pp 247-258
Andrea Ghermandi, Davide Bixio, Chris Thoeye
International conference on Integrated concepts for Reuse of Upgraded Wastewater Desalination 218 (2007) pp.13-23
D. Bixio, C. Thoeye, T. Wintgens, T. Melin, M. Muston, G. De Gueldre, B. Van De Steene
2005
Assessment of WWTP design and upgrade options: balancing costs and risks of standards' exceedance
L. Benedetti, D. Bixio, P.A. Vanrolleghem
'0th International Conference on Urban Drainage, Copenhagen Denmark, 21-26 August, 2005 Water Science & Technology, vol. 54. n°6-7, pp 371-378
Numerical models can be used to evaluate design and upgrade scenarios of urban wastewater
systems on the basis of their ecological consequences. The objective of this paper is to illustrate a
systematic procedure of system design/upgrade. This procedure consists of the following steps: (1) data
collection and data reconstruction; (2) model building and calibration; (3) evaluation of scenarios; (4)
uncertainty assessment. In contrast to conventional practice, this approach allows to choose the most
appropriate trade-off between cost of measures and risk of non-compliance with regulatory limits. An
example of its application dealing with the assessment of WWTP design and upgrade options is provided.
Results show that by reducing the tank volumes compared to conventional design procedures, costs can be reduced sensibly while the risk of not meeting legislative requirements are only slightly increased.
Membrane bioreactor technology for wastewater treatment and reuse
T. Melin, B. Jefferson, D. Bixio, C. Thoeye, W. De Wilde, J. De Koning, J. Van der Graaf, T. Wintgens
Intl. Conf. Integrated Concepts in water Recycling, 14-17 February 2005, Wollongong, NSW Australia Desalination, vol. 187, nr. 1-3 feb 06
Treatment technology for water recycling encompasses a vast number of options. Membrane processes are regarded as key elements of advanced wastewater reclamation and reuse schemes and are included in a number of prominent schemes world-wide, e.g. for artificial groundwater recharge, indirect potable reuse as well as for industrial process water production. Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are a promising process combination of activated sludge treatment and membrane filtration for biomass retention. This paper will provide an overview of the status of membrane bioreactor applications in municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse in Europe and will depict their potential role in promoting more sustainable water use patterns.
Particular attention will be paid to the impact of MBR technology on emerging pollutants. A case study will be presented on a full-scale MBR plant for municipal wastewater which is operated by Aquafin in Belgium.
Mebraan bioreactor in Schilde uit de startblokken. Evaluatie na 1,5 jaar onderzoek en operationele ervaring
Wouter De Wilde
Aqua, 2005/1, pp 6-7 - Riolering, jg. 8, maart/april 2005, pp 20-22
Toen in augustus 2003 de renovatie van de rioolwaterzuiveringsinstallatie in Schilde zijn voltooiing naderde, brak een spannende periode aan voor Aquafin. Voor de eerste maal zou in de Benelux een vrij neiuwe technologie voor huishoudelijke afvalwaterzuivering in gebruik worden genomen. de membraanbioreactor. Aquafin had via enkele onderzoeksprojecten al ervaring opgedaan met deze nieuwe manier van afvalwater zuiveren, maar het bleef natuurlijk voor een stuk afwachten hoe goed de membraanbioreactor zou presteren nadat hij echt in bedrijf was gesteld.
Verdergaande zuivering van huishoudelijk afvalwater
Marjoleine Weemaes, Davide Bixio, Chris Thoeye
Aquarama, maart 2005, nr. 27 jg. 8, p 17
De laatste jaren komt integraal waterbeheer steeds meer in de kijker te staan. Eind okterber 2000 werd de kaderrichtlijn Water van de Europese Unie van kracht (Richtlijn 2000/60/EG). Deze richtlijn beoogt de bescherming en verbetering van aquatische ecosystemen, evenals het duurzaam gebruik van water door bescherming van beschikbare waterbronnen. Voor RWZI's impliceert dit onder meer dat verdergaande zuivering voor effluentpolishing of voor hergebruik van gezuiverd afvalwater steeds belangrijker zullen worden. Daarnaast wordt verdergaande zuivering binnen Aquafin ook toegepast wanneer conventionele zuivering niet volstaat om de normen opgelegd door de Stedelijke Richtlijn Afwater te halen.
MBR Schilde: anderhalf jaar onderzoek en operationele ervaring
Wouter De Wilde, Chris Thoeye, Greet De Gueldre
'H2O, nr. 8, 2005,pp 29-32
In België is in augustus 2003 de eerste membraan bioreactor (MBR) voor de zuivering van huishoudelijk afvalwater in de Benelux in gebruik genomen, door Aquafin op de rioolwaterzuiveringsinstallatie te Schilde. De MBR functioneert parallel met een convéntioneel actiefslibsteem met nabezinktank.
Om meer inzicht te krijgen in de kwaliteit van het effluent, de processtabiliteit en de operationele kosten is een grootschalig onderzoek hiernaar uitgevoerd. Verschillende optimalisaties bleken noodzakelijk om te garanderen dat de MBR de vooropgestelde debieten haalde. Een correct ontwerp van voorbehandeling en bioreactor speelde hierbij een cruciale rol. Membraanverstopping vormde geen operationeel knelpunt. Het eerste anderhalf jaar is een uitgebreide analyse van de evolutie van de membraanpermeabiliteit opgemaakt. Verwacht wordt dat de standtijd van de membranen aanzienlijk groter zal zijn dan de door de leverancier gegeven garanties.
Vlaamse zuiveraar: kinderziektes MBR op RWZI Schilde voorbij
Wouter De Wilde
'Waterforum, april 2005
Na bijna anderhalf jaar procesvoering met een membraanbioreactor op de Belgische RWZI Schilde, nabij Antwerpen, constateert eigenaar Aquafin dat het gebruik van membraanbioreactoren voor de zuivering van huishoudelijk afvalwater een haalbare, jongvolwassen' technologie is. De belangrijkste knelpunten in de bedrijfsvoering hadden volgens de eigenaar niets te maken met de membranen zelf - en dus met de technologiekeuze-, maar met het ontwerp van de voorbehandeling en biologie.
Municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse: Where do we stand? An overview of treatment technology & management practice
D. Bixio, B. De heyder, H. Cikurel, M. Muston, V. Miska, D. Joksimovic, A.I. Schäfer, A. Ravazzini, A. Aharoni, D. Savic, C. Thoeye
Water reclamation implementation and management practices at municipal wastewater treatment plants throughout the world are reviewed and some implementation and operational issues are defined. The information is based on a conventional literature survey, on an in depth survey study of European, Israeli and Australian medium and large-scale water reclamation utilities and on the findings of a dedicated international workshop. The review identified over 3,300 water reclamation projects and designed the map of the main process technologies and their fields of product water application. The main conclusion of the enquiry is that the technological risks no longer represent a major concern for the development of water reclamation projects, rather issues such as the financing, failure management and social acceptance have become more critical.
Floating plant beds: BAT for CSO treatment
Cutting edge wetland seminar, 11/05/05, Derby, VK
Johny Van Acker
Additional flow in sewerage systems can arise due to unwanted infiltration and inflow. Such flow has a 'parasitic' effect on the system. It can be due to inflow into a sewer system of unpolluted or slightly polluted surface water as a result of misconnections, and/or due to groundwater infiltration from leaking sewers and household connections. This parasitic flow causes many operational problems: an increased number of spills from combined sewer overflows; additional operational costs because of the extra pumping required; and less efficient wastewater treatment works performance because of the extra dilution of the wastewater.
Dilution can even endanger effluent compliance, where the discharge consent is expressed as a percentage of pollutant removal.
Drijvende plantenmatten zuiveren overstortwater
Johny Van Acker
Aqua 2005/3
Overstorten vormen een noodzakelijk kwaad bij een gemengd rioolstelsel. Bij hevige regen wordt het volume in de riolen te groot. Het water moet de riool dan gecontroleerd kunnen verlaten om overstromingen te vermijden. In Bornem wordt dat ongezuiverde water succesvol behandeld in een buffervijver met drijvende plantenmatten, vooraleer het in de Oude Schelde terecht komt.
Treatment of CSO water using floating plant beds
Ludwig Buts, Greet De Gueldre, Chris Thoeye
10th International Conference on Urban Drainage, Copenhagen Denmark, 21-26 August, 2005
A pilot installation treating a combined sewer overflow (CSO) at Bornem, Flanders is built. The construction comprises a presettler and a plug flow treatment zone with floating vegetation elements. The installation is aimed to treat efficiently a so-called two-year overflow event of 2,309 m³ volume and 0.17 m³/s peak flow. During the past three years a number of overflow events were registered. Initially the system performed well, with an observed COD-removal efficiency of 68% and an SS-removal efficiency of 95%. Even nutrient removal took place with values of 37% and 61% for N and P respectively. There was also a becoming “natural” (presence of plankton and day/night respiration regimes) of the water. Over the years a decrease in performance was noticeable. During some events more was discharged then brought into the system. This was especially the case for N. It has to be noted though that the most stringent standards for the discharge of treated wastewater in Flanders were almost never exceeded. Overall the current discharge of the overflow treatment is a significant improvement, but maintenance is necessary to keep the system performing well. The applicability of the evaluated system is mainly the treatment of CSO’s causing significant ecological damage.
Experience with phosphorus removal and sludge handling and disposal in Flanders
Davide Bixio, Ivo Boonen, Chris Thoeye, Greet De Gueldre
Upgrading wastewater treatment plants - Water Science & Technology, vol. 52, nr. 4, sept. 2005 - pp.19-25
The way excess sludge must be disposed of is a key factor in the choice of the appropriate phosphorus removal technique at municipal wastewater treatment plants. In Europe the ongoing trend of tightening the sludge spreading rules called for a serious reduction of its agricultural utilisation and the expansion of the (co-)incineration disposal route, which led to a shift towards more sophisticated sludge handling techniques. This paper illustrates the impact of different sludge handling techniques on the performance of chemical and enhanced biological phosphorus removal at municipal WWTPs. The main conclusion is that although enhanced biological phosphorus removal is particularly sensitive to the problem of return liquors from sludge treatment processes indirect dewatering and anaerobic stabilisation cannot be discarded altogether when considering its implementation. Keywords Chemical precipitation; full-scale; phosphorus removal; sludge handling techniques; sludge production
Estimating costs and benefits of advanced control for wastewater treatment plants - the Magic methodology
M. Devisscher, G. Ciacci, L. Benedetti, D. Bixio, C. Thoeye, G. De Gueldre, S. Marsili-Libelli, P.A. Vanrolleghem
2nd Conference on Instrumentation, Control and Automation in Water and Wastewater Treatment, 29 mei-2 juni 2005, Busan, Korea - Water Science & Technology vol. 53 n° 4/5 pp.215-223
This paper discusses a methodology to estimate the costs and benefits of advanced control for wastewater treatment plants. The methodology has been applied to four wastewater treatment plants, representing four standard types of plants built in Flanders, Belgium. The paper outlines the methodology and illustrated results from one of the four design cases. General results are shown and contrasted with full-scale experience. The methodology appears to give realistic results and will be used for further refinement of default control algorithms for certain types of plants. A preliminary analysis indicates that on-line control can become cost-effective for plant sizes above 50,000 population equivalents.
New Measurement Techniques for Secondary Settlers: A Review
Water Science & Technology - Instrumentation, Control and automation for water and wastewater treatment and Transport Systems IX, vol. 53 n°4/5 pp. 419-429
Peter A. Vanrolleghem, Bob De Clercq, Jeriffa De Clercq, Martijn Devisscher, David J. Kinnear, Ingmar Nopens
In activated sludge wastewater treatment research, most of the attention has been devoted to the biodegradation process. However, in terms of effluent quality, the final settling and clarification processes are at least as important because any particle carried over the overflow weir brings with it not only COD, but also nitrogen and phosphorus. In recent years we see indeed increased attention on this separation step, and alternatives such as membrane separation are increasingly introduced. Still, a large installed base of settlers exists, whose operation could/should be optimised. The measurement techniques presented in this contribution each focus on one of the key processes in the secondary settler: hydrodynamics, particle aggregation and breakage, hindered settling and compression. For each technique, the measuring principle is explained and a typical data set shown.
The role of constructed wetlands in municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse
Andrea Ghermandi, Davide Bixio, Chris Thoeye, Johny Van Acker
'WETPOL: Wetland pollutant dynamics and control, 4-8 sept 2005, Gen
The promotion of an integrated approach to water resources management as it is spelled out in the EU Water Framework Directive, will favor municipal wastewater rec1amation and reuse to be implemented on a large scale, to increase the reliability of water supply while decreasing the impact of human activities on the environment.
Wastewater rec1amation and reuse is already widespread in Europe and encompasses a variety of techno logies for different water applications (Bixio el al., 2005). Natural systems like constructed wetlands are regarded as key elements in polishing conventionally treated wastewater to meet quality requirements for recreational and environmental uses. This paper provides an overview of the status of constructed wetlands in wastewater rec1amation and reuse worldwide and depicts their potential role in promoting more sustainable water use pattems. The focus ofthe study is on tertiary free-water surf ace (FWS) systems because ofthe possibility 10 implement them in medium-large installations simultaneously providing high ancillary benefits for habitat enhancement and recreational uses.
Floating plant beds: BAT for CSO treatment
Johny Van Acker
Cutting edge wetland seminar, 11/05/05, Derby, VK
Additional flow in sewerage systems can arise due to unwanted infiltration and inflow. Such flow has a 'parasitic' effect on the system. It can be due to inflow into a sewer system of unpolluted or slightly polluted surface water as a result of misconnections, and/or due to groundwater infiltration from leaking sewers and household connections. This parasitic flow causes many operational problems: an increased number of spills from combined sewer overflows; additional operational costs because of the extra pumping required; and less efficient wastewater treatment works performance because of the extra dilution of the wastewater.
Dilution can even endanger effluent compliance, where the discharge consent is expressed as a percentage of pollutant removal.
Fleatrap models parasitic sewer system flows
Geert Dirkcx, Davide Bixio, Chris Thoeye, Greet De Gueldre
Water 21, October 2005, pp 39-40
A third of pumped flows at wastewater treatment plants is due to unwanted infiltration and inflow. Geert Dirckx, Davide Bixio, Chris Thoeye and Greet De Gueldre report on a computer model to enable operations to work out how much "parasitic" flow their works are receiving.
Belgian breakthroughs, Box 4: BioMAC system for recalcitrant wastewater treatment
Greet De Gueldre
'Water 21, October 2005, pp 56
The BioMAC treatment concept, developed by Aquafin in co-operation with Severn Trent (UK) and LabMET (Ghent university), combines biological granular activated carbon (GAC) sorption with micro/ultra membrane filtration. The principle of the technology is that polluted water - typically secondary sewage effluent - is percolated through a downflow GAC reactor. Percolate collected at the reactor base is then pumped into the aerated micro-filtration tank where part is filtered and part is re-circulated over the GAC. BioMAC differs from known hybrid technologies in that: the GAC reactor is operated under partially non-submerged conditions. This creates saturated oxic conditions, enhancing sorption and allowing growth of a thin biofilm of highly specialised micro-organisms on the GAC.
The re-circulation of oxygen-saturated water over the GAC further enhances its sorptive capacity.
The membranes are used to concentrate the developed specialised biomass.
Lab-scale experiments have indicated that BioMAC can re move recalcitrant COD products such as humic acids and persistent organic pollutants. The process may therefore be applied to polishing effluent from domestic wastewater treatment plants prior to reuse in process water and groundwater recharge applications. It has also shown promise for treating RO concentrates.
The system is currently in the prototype development phase to further validate these results. Aquafin-Severn Trent has been granted a US patent and a European patent is in the examination phase.
Overview & background of water reuse in Flanders, Belgium
Chris Thoeye, Johan Cauwenberghs, Davide Bixio, Greet De Gueldre, Thomas Wintgens, Emmanuel Vanhoutte
The integration of reclaimed water in water resource management, Lloret de Mar, Spanje, 19-20 Oktober 2005
The reclamation of effluent from wastewater treatment plants to be applied as an alternative water source is usually linked to reasons of water scarcity in the sense of unmatched temporary or structural water demand. Uneven spatial distribution and seasonal variations in water demand and in the hydrological cycle make the semi-arid coastal planes and islands of
the Mediterranean particularly indicated for the use of reclaimed water as a useful droughtproof conservation measure. In the moderate climates of northem Europe, however, at first sight, one may think that there should be sufficient amounts of water available to support all possible water uses. However, the reuse of water in northem Europe can be an important asset
to preserve or improve the quality of the existing water bodies. In simplified terms, 'reuse' of water in Northem Europe is dictated by quality aspects rather than by quantity. The main reason for the use of reclaimed water today is to conserve good quality (ground)water resources to applications requiring high-quality water such as the make-up of potable water. The water management in Flanders, the northem region of Belgium, is a good example of this situation, and will be discussed in the following paper.
Fleatrap: een module ter voorspelling van parasitair water
Geert Dirckx, Davide Bixio, Chris Thoeye, Greet De Gueldre
'Rioleringswetenschap, jg. 5, nr. 19, oktober 2005, pp 43-53
Parasitair water (of rioolvreemd water) is kortweg de verzameling van instromen van niet of weinig vervuild oppervlaktewater (door foutieve aansluitingen) en/of grondwater (doorheen lekke riolen en huisaanlsuitingen). Deze onbedoelde instroom van extra water heeft een nefaste invloed op de werking van de zuiveringsinfrastructuur. De belangrijkste gevolgen zijn een verdunning van het influent van een zuiveringsinstallatie en een versnelde werking van de overstorten. Daarnaast gaat een aanzienlijk deel van de operationele kost verloren aangezien deze debieten doorheen het rioleringssysteem (mogelijks door rioolgemalen) worden getransporteerd en uiteindelijk worden opgepompt aan de rwzi.
Integrated concepts for reuse of upgraded wastewater - role of membranes in water recycling
Thomas Wintgens, Thomas Melin, Davide Bixio, Chris Thoeye
Proceedings of NATO Advanced Research Workshop: Integrated Urban Water Resource Management,19-23 October 2005, Senec, Slovakia
The AQUAREC project on “Integrated Concepts for Reuse of Upgraded Wastewater” is funded by the European Commission within the 5th Framework Programme as well as in Australia by the Commonwealth Department of Education, Science and Training. The project is coordinated by RWTH Aachen University. The general objective of the AQUAREC project is to provide knowledge to support rational strategies for municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse as a major component of sustainable water management practices.
Systems analysis of urban wastewater systems: two systematic approaches to analyse a complex system
Lorenzo Benedetti, Frank Blumensaat, Gerold Bönisch, Geert Dirckx, Norbert Jardin, Peter Krebs, Peter A., Vanrolleghem
Proceedings of IWA 4th World Water Congress, 19-24 September, 2004, Marrakech
Water Science & Technology vol. 52, no. 12 pp 171-179
This work was aimed at performing an analysis of the integrated urban wastewater system (catchment area, sewer, WWTP, receiving water). It focused on analysing the substance fluxes going through the system to identify critical pathways of pollution, as weil as assessing the effeetiveness of energy consumption and operational/capital costs. Two different approaches were adopted in the study to analyse urban wastewater systems of diverse characteristics. In the first approach a wide ranged analysis of a system at river basin scale is applied. The Nete river basin in Belgium, a tributary of the Schelde, was analysed through the 29 sewer catchments constituting the basin. In the second approach a more detailed methodology was developed to separately analyse two urban wastewater systems situated within the Ruhr basin (Germany) on a river stretch scale. The paper mainly focuses on the description of the method applied. Only the most important results are presented. The main outcomes of these studies are: the identification of stressors on the receiving water bodies, an extensive benchmarking of wastewater systems, and the evidence of the scale dependency of results in such studies.
Wastewater reuse in Europe
Integrated concepts in water recycling, 14-17 February 2005 Wollongong, NSW Australia (AQUAREC)
D. Bixio, J. De Koning, D. Savic, T. Wintgens, T. Melin, C. Thoeye
In Europe the last two decades witnessed growing water stress, both in terms of water scarcity and quality deterioration, which prompted many municipalities for a more efficient use ofthe water resources, including a more widespread acceptance of water reuse practices. This paper reviews European water reuse practices and sets out the map of the water reclamation techno logies and of the reuse applications. The data are based on a conventional literature survey, on the preliminary evaluation of an in depth survey of a large number of European water reuse projects and on the findings of a dedicated international workshop.
The preliminary evaluation indicates that for an increased utilisation of reclaimed wastewater, clearer institutional arrangements, more dedicated economie instruments and the setup of water reuse guidelines are needed, technological innovation and the establishment of a best practice framework will help, but even more a change is needed in the underlying stakeholders' perception ofthe water cycle.